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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

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Related Experiment Video

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Modeling Primary Bone Tumors and Bone Metastasis with Solid Tumor Graft Implantation into Bone
06:53

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Published on: September 9, 2020

Secondary pathologic fractures in osteosarcoma: prognosis and evolution.

D Vermesan1, H Vermesan, S I Dragulescu

  • 1University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes, Timisoara, Romania.

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
|June 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Pathologic fractures in osteosarcoma patients may not negatively impact prognosis with modern therapies. This study evaluated fracture impact on limb salvage surgery outcomes in osteosarcoma patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Oncology
  • Skeletal Metastasis Research
  • Bone Sarcoma Studies

Background:

  • Pathologic fractures associated with osteosarcoma have historically indicated a poor prognosis.
  • The advent of new therapeutic strategies necessitates re-evaluation of prognostic factors in osteosarcoma.
  • Limb salvage surgery aims to preserve function and minimize morbidity in cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prognostic significance of pathologic fractures in osteosarcoma patients.
  • To determine optimal surgical conditions for limb salvage in osteosarcoma with fractures.
  • To evaluate outcomes in osteosarcoma patients with and without pathologic fractures.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 22 osteosarcoma patients.
  • Comparison between 12 patients with pathologic fractures and 10 patients without fractures.
  • 5-year follow-up or until disease recurrence/metastasis.

Main Results:

  • Osteosarcoma patients with pathologic fractures showed comparable outcomes to those without fractures.
  • Limb salvage surgery was feasible and successful in patients with pathologic fractures.
  • No statistically significant difference in disease recurrence or metastasis was observed based on fracture presence.

Conclusions:

  • Pathologic fractures in osteosarcoma may not be an independent negative prognostic factor with current treatments.
  • Limb salvage surgery is a viable option for osteosarcoma patients with pathologic fractures.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these findings in larger cohorts.