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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Trans-inner Cell Mass Injection of Embryonic Stem Cells Leads to Higher Chimerism Rates
05:53

Trans-inner Cell Mass Injection of Embryonic Stem Cells Leads to Higher Chimerism Rates

Published on: May 29, 2018

Generation of chimeras by microinjection.

Anne Plück1, Christian Klasen

  • 1Centre for Mouse Genetics, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Anne.Plueck@uni-koeln.de

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Gene targeting in mice allows researchers to create specific genetic mutations for studying gene function and disease. This chapter details microinjection techniques using embryonic stem cells for targeted genetic manipulation in mice.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Gene targeting in mice, established nearly 20 years ago, has seen increased use following genomic sequencing.
  • The mouse remains the only mammalian species amenable to targeted germ-line mutagenesis.
  • Understanding gene function and disease mechanisms in complex organisms relies heavily on mouse models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the tools and experimental procedures for targeted genetic manipulation in mice using embryonic stem (ES) cells.
  • To detail the microinjection technique for generating chimeric mice that transmit targeted mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Microinjection of genetically modified embryonic stem (ES) cells into mouse blastocyst or morula stage embryos.
  • Utilizes micropipettes and micromanipulators, requiring specialized equipment and skills.

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Generating Chimeric Zebrafish Embryos by Transplantation
21:01

Generating Chimeric Zebrafish Embryos by Transplantation

Published on: July 17, 2009

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Trans-inner Cell Mass Injection of Embryonic Stem Cells Leads to Higher Chimerism Rates
05:53

Trans-inner Cell Mass Injection of Embryonic Stem Cells Leads to Higher Chimerism Rates

Published on: May 29, 2018

Generating Chimeric Zebrafish Embryos by Transplantation
21:01

Generating Chimeric Zebrafish Embryos by Transplantation

Published on: July 17, 2009

  • Alternative method involves aggregation of ES cells with morula stage embryos (detailed elsewhere).

    • Main Results:

    • Successful generation of chimeric mice capable of transmitting targeted mutations through their germline.
    • Established techniques for gene targeting in mice have become standardized over recent years.
    • The field has expanded significantly with advancements like conditional gene targeting for tissue-specific or inducible mutations.

    Conclusions:

    • Microinjection of ES cells is a key method for creating genetically modified mice for research.
    • The mouse is indispensable for studying gene function and disease due to the feasibility of targeted mutagenesis.
    • Ongoing advancements continue to expand the possibilities of genetic manipulation in mouse models.