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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy
08:01

Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy

Published on: May 12, 2020

Binary colloidal crystals fabricated with a horizontal deposition method.

Likui Wang1, Yong Wan, Yanqiang Li

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|June 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel horizontal deposition method enables large-area fabrication of binary colloidal crystals (bCCs). This self-assembly technique, driven by electrostatic interactions, offers tunable structures for advanced applications.

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Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
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Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Self-Assembly

Background:

  • Binary colloidal crystals (bCCs) are advanced materials with tunable optical and electronic properties.
  • Existing fabrication methods often face limitations in scalability and precise structural control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a facile horizontal deposition method for preparing large-area binary colloidal crystals (bCCs).
  • To demonstrate the tunability of bCC stoichiometry by controlling sphere ratios.
  • To explore the potential of bCCs and their inverse structures in various technological applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a horizontal deposition technique with binary polystyrene spheres.
  • Varied the number ratios of small and large spheres to control bCC stoichiometry.
  • Prepared replica structures and analyzed cross-sections of binary inverse opals.
  • Performed optical characterization to confirm material properties.

Main Results:

  • Successfully prepared large-area bCCs using the horizontal deposition method.
  • Demonstrated control over bCC stoichiometry by adjusting sphere ratios.
  • Observed pseudostop bands in optical characterization, consistent with bCC composition.
  • Attributed bCC formation to cooperative electrostatic interactions and geometrical constrictions.

Conclusions:

  • The horizontal deposition method is a simple and effective approach for fabricating large-area bCCs.
  • The prepared bCCs and their inverse structures exhibit properties suitable for photonics, solar cells, separations, catalysis, and biosensing.
  • This facile fabrication method significantly broadens the application scope of binary colloidal crystals.