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Related Concept Videos

Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

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Inducing Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in a Mouse Model of Repetitive Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury
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Published on: February 10, 2020

Mortality in late post-traumatic seizures.

Jeffrey Englander1, Tamara Bushnik, Jerry M Wright

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California, USA.

Journal of Neurotrauma
|June 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) experiencing late post-traumatic seizures (LPTS) have higher mortality rates and die younger than those without seizures. Close medical monitoring is crucial for this at-risk TBI population.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
  • Late post-traumatic seizures (LPTS) can occur in the first 2 years after TBI.
  • The long-term impact of LPTS on mortality in TBI survivors is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare mortality rates between TBI individuals with and without LPTS.
  • To identify factors associated with increased mortality in TBI patients with LPTS.
  • To emphasize the need for enhanced medical care for TBI survivors with LPTS.

Main Methods:

  • Pooled analysis of 508 participants from two TBI studies.
  • Participants injured between March 1992 and December 1999.
  • Comparison of mortality rates between 71 individuals with LPTS and seizure-free individuals (non-LPTS) over 8-15 years post-injury.

Main Results:

  • Mortality rate was 27% in the LPTS group versus 10% in the non-LPTS group.
  • Individuals with LPTS died at a significantly younger age (54.1 vs. 67.7 years).
  • Advanced age at injury and subdural hematoma were risk factors for death in the LPTS group.

Conclusions:

  • TBI patients with LPTS exhibit higher mortality and premature death.
  • Causes of death were varied and not directly epilepsy-related.
  • Enhanced medical evaluation, monitoring, and primary care education are vital for TBI survivors with LPTS.