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Regular and random components in aiming-point trajectory during rifle aiming and shooting
Simon Goodman1, Amy Haufler, Jae Kun Shim
1Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. srg@rcn.com
Expertise in shooting involves two distinct aiming phases. Shooters use a stochastic resonance strategy in the second phase, waiting for optimal conditions before firing, a method refined with skill.
Area of Science:
- Motor control
- Human expertise
- Cognitive psychology
Background:
- Shooting expertise involves complex motor control and aiming strategies.
- Understanding the kinematic qualities of aiming trajectories is crucial for skill analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the kinematic qualities of the aiming trajectory in relation to expertise.
- To discriminate distinct phases within the aiming trajectory.
- To analyze the control strategies employed by shooters during aiming.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of aiming trajectory kinematics.
- Discrimination of trajectory phases based on control strategies.
- Application of the Weber-Fechner law to describe fluctuations.
- Development of an analytical model for shooting behavior.
Main Results:
- Two distinct phases were identified in the aiming trajectory.
- The first phase involved approximation with fluctuations obeying the Weber-Fechner law.
- The second phase (0.6-0.8s before trigger pull) employed a stochastic resonance strategy.
- Expertise differences were observed in parameter values, not strategy type.
Conclusions:
- Shooting involves distinct aiming phases with different control strategies.
- A stochastic resonance strategy is utilized, particularly when perceptual sensitivity exceeds motor precision.
- An analytical model explains key shooting properties, highlighting expertise-related parameter variations.
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