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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

Paraneoplastic movement disorders.

Shyamal H Mehta1, John C Morgan, Kapil D Sethi

  • 1Movement Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. shmehta@mcg.edu

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|June 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes (NPSs) are rare immune-mediated disorders triggered by cancer. This review focuses on paraneoplastic movement disorders and their link to underlying malignancy and immunotherapy.

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Behavioral and Locomotor Measurements Using an Open Field Activity Monitoring System for Skeletal Muscle Diseases
06:52

Behavioral and Locomotor Measurements Using an Open Field Activity Monitoring System for Skeletal Muscle Diseases

Published on: September 29, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

Behavioral and Locomotor Measurements Using an Open Field Activity Monitoring System for Skeletal Muscle Diseases
06:52

Behavioral and Locomotor Measurements Using an Open Field Activity Monitoring System for Skeletal Muscle Diseases

Published on: September 29, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes (NPSs) arise from the nervous system's remote reaction to cancer, distinct from metastasis or infection.
  • These rare conditions affect approximately 1 in 10,000 cancer patients, driven by immune responses mistaking neural tissue for tumor antigens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review paraneoplastic movement disorders, including ataxia, stiff-person syndrome, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, chorea, parkinsonism, and tremor.
  • To discuss the recently identified paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, characterized by complex movements and neurological signs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on classic and emerging NPSs.
  • Analysis of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • NPSs involve immune-mediated damage to neural tissue due to shared onconeural antigens.
  • Paraneoplastic movement disorders encompass a range of conditions, including cerebellar degeneration, stiff-person syndrome, and encephalitis.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment and prognosis of NPSs are significantly influenced by the management of the primary cancer.
  • Immunotherapy plays a crucial role in managing these complex neurological disorders.