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Related Concept Videos

Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

Overview
Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

Overview
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...
Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Evaluation of Fertilization State by Tracing Sperm Nuclear Morphology in Arabidopsis Double Fertilization
05:21

Evaluation of Fertilization State by Tracing Sperm Nuclear Morphology in Arabidopsis Double Fertilization

Published on: August 29, 2019

Nuclear dimorphism: two peas in a pod.

David S Goldfarb1, Martin A Gorovsky

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. dasg@mail.rochester.edu

Current Biology : CB
|June 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear dimorphism in Tetrahymena, where macro- and micronuclei differ greatly, is partly explained by distinct nuclear pore complex subunit compositions. This finding sheds light on differential nuclear function.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Tetrahymena exhibits extreme nuclear dimorphism with distinct macro- and micronuclei.
  • Understanding the molecular basis of this nuclear differentiation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular differences between macro- and micronuclei in Tetrahymena.
  • To determine if nuclear pore complex (NPC) composition contributes to nuclear dimorphism.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of protein subunits in macro- and micronuclear pore complexes.
  • Biochemical and proteomic techniques were employed.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences were identified in the subunit composition of macro- and micronuclear pore complexes.

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  • These variations suggest distinct roles and regulation of NPCs in each nucleus.

    • Conclusions:

    • Differences in nuclear pore complex composition are a key factor contributing to Tetrahymena's nuclear dimorphism.
    • This provides a molecular explanation for the distinct functions of macro- and micronuclei.