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Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

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Short-term strength training does not change cortical voluntary activation.

Michael Lee¹, Simon C Gandevia, Timothy J Carroll

¹Health and Exercise Science, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

|June 12, 2009

Summary

Early strength gains are due to improved neural drive, not just muscle size. This study found that strength training enhances motor cortex output to trained muscles, increasing force production.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Exercise Physiology
Motor Control

Background:

The neural basis for rapid strength gains during early strength training remains unclear.
Increased neural drive to muscles is a hypothesized mechanism for initial strength improvements.
Twitch interpolation is a technique used to assess voluntary muscle activation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying strength increases in the initial phase of strength training.
To determine if enhanced neural drive to trained muscles contributes to strength gains.
To assess changes in voluntary activation using twitch interpolation before and after a 4-week training program.

Main Methods:

Twelve participants underwent unilateral wrist abductor strength training for 4 weeks.
Control participants performed the same movement without resistance.
Voluntary activation was measured using twitch interpolation with motor nerve and cortical stimulation during wrist contractions.

Main Results:

Strength training increased wrist abduction maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force by 11.0%.
Cortically evoked twitches during submaximal contractions were larger post-training, indicating increased motor output.
The direction of cortically evoked twitches shifted towards abduction, suggesting more effective motor command generation.

Conclusions:

Four weeks of strength training led to direction-specific MVC increases.
Maximal voluntary activation did not change, but motor cortex output effectiveness improved.
These findings suggest enhanced motor cortical drive contributes to early strength gains.