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Mesoscopic spin-hall effect in 2D electron systems with smooth boundaries.

P G Silvestrov¹, V A Zyuzin, E G Mishchenko

¹Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.

Physical Review Letters

|June 13, 2009

Summary

We studied the spin-Hall effect in 2D electron gases, revealing unique spin density patterns at edges due to combined electron and spin dynamics. These edge features significantly exceed the net spin, especially with shallower potentials.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Spintronics
Quantum Mechanics

Background:

The spin-Hall effect (SHE) is a key phenomenon in spintronics, generating transverse spin currents.
Understanding spin dynamics in 2D electron gases (2DEGs) is crucial for next-generation electronic devices.
Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling (SOC) significantly influences spin behavior in low-dimensional systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the spin-Hall effect in a ballistic 2D electron gas with Rashba-type SOC and smooth edge confinement.
To analyze the resulting spin density distribution along the material's edge.
To explore the interplay between semiclassical electron motion and quantum spin dynamics.

Main Methods:

Theoretical modeling of electron transport in a 2D electron gas.
Inclusion of Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling and smooth edge potential.
Analysis of semiclassical trajectories and quantum spin behavior.

Main Results:

Distinct spin density features observed along the edge, arising from accumulated turning points of classical trajectories.
A strong spin density peak near vanishing Fermi velocity in the lower spin-split subband.
Negative spin density strip followed by a smooth positive spin density region beyond the subband crossing point.
Total accumulated spin in edge features significantly surpasses the net spin across the entire edge.
Features become more pronounced with shallower boundary potentials.

Conclusions:

The interplay of semiclassical and quantum dynamics creates complex spin density profiles at the edge.
Edge spin accumulation can be significantly enhanced compared to the overall spin polarization.
Edge potential smoothness critically influences the manifestation and prominence of these spin density features.