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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

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Quantum nonequilibrium steady states induced by repeated interactions.

Dragi Karevski¹, Thierry Platini

¹Institut Jean Lamour, Département P2M, Groupe de Physique Statistique, Nancy-Université CNRS, B.P. 70239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy Cedex, France. karevski@lpm.u-nancy.fr

Physical Review Letters

|June 13, 2009

Summary

We investigated the steady state of a finite XX chain interacting with quantum reservoirs. The study reveals an optimal current state dependent on system-reservoir coupling and describes the steady state using a generalized Gibbs state.

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Area of Science:

Quantum mechanics
Statistical mechanics
Condensed matter physics

Background:

Understanding non-equilibrium quantum systems is crucial.
Finite quantum chains coupled to external reservoirs present complex dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the steady state of a finite XX chain coupled to quantum reservoirs.
To characterize the system's magnetization profile and steady-state current.
To explore the influence of system-reservoir coupling on current behavior.

Main Methods:

Exact calculation of two-point correlations.
Analysis of magnetization profiles and currents.
Characterization of the steady state using a generalized Gibbs ensemble.

Main Results:

The steady state is defined by magnetization and current.
Magnetization equilibrates to the average of reservoir magnetizations (except at boundaries).
Steady-state current exhibits nonmonotonic dependence on coupling strength, showing an optimal state.

Conclusions:

The steady state of the finite XX chain is fully characterized.
A generalized Gibbs state accurately describes the system's non-equilibrium steady state.
System-reservoir coupling critically influences transport properties, enabling optimization.