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Related Concept Videos

Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions
14:49

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions

Published on: April 23, 2011

Chromosome odds and ends.

Joseph G Gall1

  • 1Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA. gall@ciwemb.edu

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|June 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This research details a scientific career focused on cell biology, exploring nuclear structures like chromosomes and nucleoli. It highlights the development of in situ hybridization for precise nucleic acid localization.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Early interest in natural history and microscopy led to a focus on cellular structures.
  • Exploration of chromosomes, nucleoli, and cytoplasmic components.
  • Investigating the physical organization of proteins and nucleic acids within cells.

Discussion:

  • Development of in situ hybridization from studies on amplified ribosomal RNA genes.
  • Technique enables high-precision localization of specific nucleic acid sequences.
  • Utilized diverse model organisms, including vertebrates and invertebrates, for problem-specific research.

Key Insights:

  • In situ hybridization revolutionized the ability to map genetic material within cells.
  • Understanding the physical basis of cellular structures is crucial for cell function.
  • Cross-species research approaches yield significant biological insights.

Outlook:

  • Continued exploration of nuclear and cytoplasmic organization.
  • Application of advanced imaging and molecular techniques.
  • Further investigation into the evolution of genetic structures and their functions.