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Related Concept Videos

Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:28

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is a vital physiological process that chemically alters drugs, facilitating their elimination from the body and terminating their action. This process involves two main phases: phase I and phase II reactions. Phase I reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, introduce or unmask polar functional groups on the drug molecule, thereby increasing its water solubility. By enhancing water solubility, the drug becomes more hydrophilic...
Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological01:19

Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological

Biological factors significantly impact drug metabolism, influencing drug clearance, efficacy, and potential toxicity.
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
Strain differences: Genetic variations within a species can result in differing enzyme activity, impacting drug response and toxicity. For example, some mouse strains may...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
Microbial Bioremediation of Uranium01:25

Microbial Bioremediation of Uranium

Microorganisms play a critical role in the transformation and immobilization of uranium in contaminated environments through four main pathways: bioreduction, biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biomineralization. These mechanisms reduce uranium’s toxicity and prevent its migration through groundwater systems, offering sustainable approaches for in situ bioremediation.Bioreduction of UraniumBioreduction is driven by anaerobic bacteria such as certain strains of Geobacter and Shewanella, which use...
Prodrugs01:30

Prodrugs

Prodrugs are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that undergo a biotransformation process within the body to be converted into a pharmacologically active drug. Prodrugs are designed to improve the therapeutic properties of the parent drug, such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing stability, or reducing toxicity. The concept of prodrugs revolves around modifying the chemical structure of the original drug to make it more effective or convenient for administration.
Prodrugs help overcome...

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Prospecting Microbial Strains for Bioremediation and Probiotics Development for Metaorganism Research and Preservation
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Microbial biotransformation: recent developments on steroid drugs.

Wang-Yu Tong1, Xiang Dong

  • 1Integrated Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, P.R. China. tongwy@ahu.edu.cn

Recent Patents on Biotechnology
|June 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study reviews microbial biotransformations of steroid drugs, focusing on improving production efficiency and degrading environmental contaminants. It highlights methods like hydroxylation and genetic manipulation for enhanced steroid drug development and management.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Environmental Microbiology

Background:

  • Over 300 steroid drugs identified since the 1950s.
  • Microbial biotransformation of steroids is advanced but requires efficiency improvements.
  • Steroid derivatives and endocrine disruptors pose environmental challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent findings in microbial biotransformation of steroidal compounds.
  • To discuss patents and methods for improving steroidal drug production.
  • To address the environmental degradation of steroid drugs and their derivatives.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of microbial biotransformations: dehydrogenation/reduction, hydroxylation, esterification, methylation, halogenation, methoxylation.
  • Review of patents related to steroid biotransformation.
  • Discussion of metabolic pathway engineering and genetic manipulation for strain development.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in microbial biotransformation techniques for steroids.
  • Identification of various biotransformation reactions applicable to steroidal compounds.
  • Emerging strategies for developing microbial strains for steroid drug metabolism and environmental remediation.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial biotransformation offers powerful tools for steroid drug development and environmental management.
  • Continued research in metabolic pathways and genetic engineering is crucial for optimizing steroid bioprocesses.
  • Addressing steroid endocrine disruptors in the environment requires advanced microbial solutions.