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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

MicroRNAs sound off.

Michael D Weston¹, Garrett A Soukup

¹Department of Oral Biology, Creighton University School of Dentistry, California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.

Genome Medicine

|June 13, 2009

Summary

MicroRNA-96 is essential for inner ear hair cell development and hearing in mice and humans. Mutations in this microRNA cause progressive hearing loss, highlighting its therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Otolaryngology

Background:

MicroRNAs regulate gene expression and are vital for cellular development.
Neurosensory microRNAs, including microRNA-96, play a role in inner ear development.
Mutations in microRNAs can lead to developmental defects and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of microRNA-96 in inner ear hair cell development and function.
To understand the link between microRNA-96 mutations and progressive hearing loss.
To explore the therapeutic potential of microRNAs for hearing preservation and restoration.

Main Methods:

Analysis of microRNA-96 function in mouse models.
Genetic studies on human subjects with hearing loss.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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Investigation of Dicer knockout mouse ears to assess general microRNA requirements.

Main Results:

MicroRNA-96 is crucial for the development and maintenance of inner ear hair cells.
Mutations in the microRNA-96 seed region cause hair cell degeneration and progressive hearing loss.
MicroRNAs are generally required for the development and maintenance of sensory epithelia.

Conclusions:

MicroRNA-96 is a key factor in hearing and inner ear development.
MicroRNA-96 mutations are a direct cause of progressive hearing loss.
MicroRNAs represent promising therapeutic targets for treating hearing disorders.