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Related Concept Videos

Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Multimodal Approach to Assess Bone Regeneration and Scaffold Performance
06:54

Multimodal Approach to Assess Bone Regeneration and Scaffold Performance

Published on: February 13, 2026

NOTCHing the bone: insights into multi-functionality.

Feyza Engin1, Brendan Lee

  • 1Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Bone
|June 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Notch signaling is crucial for bone development, influencing cell fate, formation, and resorption. This pathway also couples bone cells and hematopoietic stem cells, offering therapeutic targets for bone diseases.

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Published on: September 4, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Notch signaling is evolutionarily conserved and vital for embryonic and postnatal development.
  • Its role in cell fate, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis is established across organ systems.
  • The specific impact of Notch signaling on bone development remained largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of Notch signaling in bone development.
  • To explore its effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
  • To discuss its implications in bone-hematopoietic stem cell interactions and potential therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Notch signaling in bone biology.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating in vivo effects on lineage commitment, bone formation, and resorption.
  • Examination of research on Notch-mediated crosstalk between bone cells and the hematopoietic stem cell niche.

Main Results:

  • Notch signaling regulates osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, exhibiting a dimorphic effect.
  • It mediates crosstalk between the hematopoietic stem cell niche and osteoblasts, coupling bone microenvironment components.
  • Dysregulation of Notch activity is linked to bone pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Notch signaling is a key regulator of bone cell function and microenvironment interactions.
  • Its role in bone development and pathology suggests potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic bone diseases and bone cancer.
  • Further research into Notch signaling in bone biology holds significant clinical implications.