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Related Concept Videos

C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved in a...

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Published on: September 27, 2024

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).

Barbara Moquin1, Marc R Blackman, Ethel Mitty

  • 1National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.)
|June 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is increasing among older adults, but many preparations lack proven benefits and are unregulated. Assisted living nurses face challenges guiding residents on safe CAM use due to lack of physician support and hidden practices.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Integrative Medicine
  • Nursing Practice

Background:

  • Rising use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) across adult age groups, including the elderly.
  • Many herbal and biologic preparations have unproven benefits and are unregulated by agencies like the FDA.
  • CAM use in assisted living communities (ALCs) is often a hidden practice, with 5%-9% of residents using herbal remedies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the scientific evidence on the efficacy and safety of CAM modalities in older adults.
  • To explore the challenges faced by assisted living nurses regarding resident CAM use.
  • To propose strategies for nurses to respectfully collaborate with residents on CAM interests.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on the efficacy and safety of common CAM modalities.
  • Analysis of regulatory status and prescribing practices for CAM.
  • Discussion of ethical and practical considerations for nurses in ALCs.

Main Results:

  • The efficacy and safety of many CAM products remain largely unproven.
  • Nurses face a dilemma as CAM is not prescribed by physicians but considered medication by licensure.
  • Residents and families may use contraindicated CAM, posing risks unknown to nursing staff.

Conclusions:

  • Assisted living nurses require guidance and support to address resident CAM use effectively and safely.
  • Collaboration between nurses, residents, and families is crucial for respectful and informed CAM integration.
  • Further research is needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for CAM in older adult care settings.