Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2026
Measuring the Behavioral Effects of Intraocular Scatter
Published on: February 18, 2021
Visual discomfort and objective measures of static accommodation
Chris Chase1, Chinatsu Tosha, Eric Borsting
1Colleges of Optometry and Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA. cchase@westernu.edu
Purpose:
Accommodation insufficiency and fatigue have been associated with near work visual discomfort symptoms, but clinical measures of accommodation amplitude suggest insufficiency is uncommon and often not weak enough to cause symptoms. However, recent studies show that the clinical push-up test used to measure amplitude overestimates accommodative function. This study uses an open-field autorefractor to measure accommodative stimulus-response functions objectively in college students with and without near work induced discomfort symptoms.
Methods:
Using a Grand-Seiko WAM 5500 autorefractor, 2 min recordings were made each at five viewing distances (0 to 5 D) to measure an accommodative response function. Visual discomfort symptoms were assessed using the Conlon survey.
Results:
A strong and positive correlation between accommodative lag and visual discomfort symptoms was found under near work conditions. The prevalence of accommodative insufficiency was much higher than estimated by clinical measures.
Conclusions:
Accommodative insufficiency and fatigue should be defined and described by objective methods using extended viewing times to assess function.
