Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Buckingham Pi Theorem01:09

The Buckingham Pi Theorem

The Buckingham Pi theorem provides a structured method to simplify fluid dynamics problems by reducing complex systems of variables to dimensionless terms.
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
Binomial Expansion Using Pascal's Triangle01:30

Binomial Expansion Using Pascal's Triangle

Expanding a binomial expression such as (a + b)n results in a predictable sequence of terms that can be systematically derived using Pascal’s Triangle. This triangular array of numbers plays a central role in understanding and computing the coefficients of binomial expansions.Pascal’s Triangle is constructed such that each row corresponds to the coefficients of a binomial raised to a power. The topmost row, known as the zeroth row, corresponds to (a + b)0, and each successive row gives the...
Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving01:15

Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving

In the design of a supported timber beam subjected to a distributed load, both the beam's physical dimensions and the timber's characteristics, such as its grade and species, are critical. These factors determine the allowable stress values, which are crucial for calculating the necessary beam depth to ensure structural integrity and safety.
The design begins with analyzing the beam as a free body to identify moments and force balances, thereby determining support reactions. Next, the designer...
Clamper Circuit01:14

Clamper Circuit

A clamper circuit, also known as a DC restorer, represents a specialized variant of the rectifier circuit, notable for its method of taking the output across the diode rather than the capacitor. This configuration lends to several distinctive applications, particularly in handling square wave inputs.
Within this circuit, the diode's orientation prompts the capacitor to charge up to the level of the most negative peak of the input signal. Upon reaching this state, the diode ceases to conduct,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Circulating metabolomic profile and its association with atrial fibrillation and systemic inflammation.

Heart rhythm O2·2026
Same author

Rising tree mortality in France is associated with distinct seasonal climate anomalies.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Substrate scope of ancestral versus modern family-1 glycosidases.

Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society·2026
Same author

Communicating science.

Immunity·2026
Same author

Shaping future forests: how can ecophysiology support climate-smart forest management?

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

Characterisation of the N-Methyltransferase SgPsmC: Application in the Kinetic Resolution of Pyrroloindolines.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same journal

Glycolytic capacity instructs tumour vasculature and response to immunotherapy.

Nature reviews. Immunology·2026
Same journal

Vaginal NK cells limit epithelial barrier disruption during infection.

Nature reviews. Immunology·2026
Same journal

New insights into progenitor exhausted T cell populations.

Nature reviews. Immunology·2026
Same journal

T cell engagers in autoimmune diseases.

Nature reviews. Immunology·2026
Same journal

Immunity: from specificity to physiological integration.

Nature reviews. Immunology·2026
Same journal

cDC1s license CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-mediated neurodegeneration.

Nature reviews. Immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment
06:50

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment

Published on: December 29, 2014

Cracking the BAFF code.

Fabienne Mackay1, Pascal Schneider

  • 1Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. f.mackay@med.monash.edu.au

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|June 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor necrosis factor family members B cell activating factor (BAFF) and APRIL are vital for B cell survival. This review explores how BAFF excess may cause autoimmunity through T cell-independent B cell activation, not just tolerance breakdown.

More Related Videos

Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise
05:25

Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise

Published on: March 29, 2019

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children
09:32

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children

Published on: June 30, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment
06:50

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment

Published on: December 29, 2014

Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise
05:25

Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise

Published on: March 29, 2019

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children
09:32

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children

Published on: June 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • B cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are critical for peripheral B cell survival.
  • Elevated BAFF levels are associated with autoimmune diseases in humans and induce autoimmunity in animal models.
  • The precise mechanisms by which BAFF contributes to autoimmunity require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of BAFF in the development of autoimmunity, particularly in mouse models.
  • To investigate the potential link between BAFF-induced autoimmunity and T cell-independent B cell activation.
  • To summarize BAFF signaling pathways, receptor activation by ligand oligomerization, and clinical progress of BAFF-depleting agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on BAFF, APRIL, B cell tolerance, and autoimmunity.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying BAFF signaling and receptor activation.
  • Review of clinical trial data for BAFF-depleting therapies.

Main Results:

  • Autoimmunity in BAFF-induced mouse models may stem from T cell-independent B cell activation.
  • BAFF signaling involves complex interactions with its receptors, influenced by ligand oligomerization.
  • BAFF-depleting agents have shown promise in clinical settings for autoimmune conditions.

Conclusions:

  • BAFF plays a significant role in B cell survival and can contribute to autoimmunity.
  • T cell-independent B cell activation is a key mechanism in BAFF-mediated autoimmunity.
  • Targeting BAFF represents a viable therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases.