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Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Induction of Atherosclerotic Plaques Through Activation of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice
07:36

Induction of Atherosclerotic Plaques Through Activation of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice

Published on: September 26, 2018

Atherosclerotic plaque development.

Quang T Bui1, Maxwell Prempeh, Robert L Wilensky

  • 1Cardiovascular Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 9 Gates, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|June 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atherosclerosis involves inflammation and immune responses to oxidized LDL in arteries. Immune cells like macrophages and T lymphocytes drive the progression of coronary and carotid artery disease.

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Implantation of a Carotid Cuff for Triggering Shear-stress Induced Atherosclerosis in Mice
07:51

Implantation of a Carotid Cuff for Triggering Shear-stress Induced Atherosclerosis in Mice

Published on: January 13, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Induction of Atherosclerotic Plaques Through Activation of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice
07:36

Induction of Atherosclerotic Plaques Through Activation of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice

Published on: September 26, 2018

Implantation of a Carotid Cuff for Triggering Shear-stress Induced Atherosclerosis in Mice
07:51

Implantation of a Carotid Cuff for Triggering Shear-stress Induced Atherosclerosis in Mice

Published on: January 13, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory/immunomodulatory process.
  • Risk factors include hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking.
  • Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) trigger arterial wall inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the inflammatory/immunomodulatory basis of atherosclerosis.
  • To emphasize the role of immune cells in disease progression.
  • To connect atherosclerosis phenotypes to clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of the role of macrophages, T lymphocytes, and mast cells.
  • Correlation of lesion progression with clinical events.

Main Results:

  • Atherosclerosis is fundamentally an immune-mediated response to oxLDL.
  • Immune cell interactions are critical for lesion development and progression.
  • High-risk lesions (e.g., thin-fibrous cap atheromas) increase risk of myocardial infarction and stroke.

Conclusions:

  • Immune cell interplay is central to atherosclerosis progression.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to managing coronary and carotid artery disease.
  • Targeting inflammatory pathways may prevent high-risk phenotypes and adverse events.