Human fetal upper respiratory tract function as revealed by ultrasonography

G Isaacson1, J C Birnholz

  • 1Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA 19134-1095.

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Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

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The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
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Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract

The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
The Larynx
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Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation

Auscultation is a crucial component of the physical assessment of the respiratory tract. It offers valuable insights into airflow through the bronchial tree and potential lung obstructions. This process involves careful listening to breath, voice, and adventitious sounds, which can reveal a wealth of information about a patient's respiratory health.
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Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
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