Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...

Depression: Overview

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Sleep architecture and serum biomarker heterogeneity in obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study.

Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society·2026

Same author

Profile of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg Signature Cytokines and Microglia Regulatory Cytokines in ADHD and Healthy Controls: A Neuroimmunological Approach.

Journal of attention disorders·2026

Same author

Optical coherence tomography findings of patients on bipolar disorder treatment: What does OCT say about lithium? A cross-sectional study.

Psychiatria Danubina·2026

Same author

The association between circadian rhythm and sleep disorder on neurodegenerative parameters in shift-working healthcare workers.

Chronobiology international·2025

Same author

Panic disorder causes an increase in choroid layer and a decrease in IPL, GCL, RNFL.

Psychiatria Danubina·2025

Same author

Protective role of pinocembrin in a rat model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Acta cirurgica brasileira·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

Oxidative imbalance in bipolar disorder subtypes: a comparative study.

Mehmet Yumru¹, Haluk A Savas, Aysun Kalenderoglu

¹Psychiatry Department, Gaziantep University, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey.

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

|June 17, 2009

Summary

Oxidative stress is significantly elevated in bipolar disorder (BD) patients, including subtypes like Bipolar I, Bipolar II, and antidepressant-induced mania. This indicates an impaired oxidative balance in individuals with BD.

More Related Videos

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biochemistry
Psychiatry

Background:

Oxidative stress is implicated in central nervous system pathologies and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Previous research explored free radical effects in bipolar disorder (BD), but not its subtypes or antidepressant-induced mania (AIM).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the oxidative metabolism status in patients with BD, including Bipolar I, Bipolar II, and AIM.
To compare oxidative stress markers across different BD subtypes.

Main Methods:

Included 94 BD patients (DSM IV diagnosed) and 41 healthy controls.
Measured plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI).

Main Results:

Patients with BD exhibited significantly higher TAS, TOS, and OSI compared to controls.
TAS showed a negative correlation with the number of previous episodes in Bipolar I disorder.
The Bipolar I group presented higher TOS than the Bipolar II group.

Conclusions:

Oxidative balance is demonstrably impaired in bipolar disorder.
Elevated antioxidant levels may be a compensatory response to increased oxidative stress.
Higher TOS in Bipolar I compared to Bipolar II suggests a potentially more severe disease course in Bipolar I.