Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

Interference: Path Lengths

Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...

IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Interference and Superposition of Waves

Interference and Superposition of Waves

When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Outcome of repeat ablation for premature ventricular contractions in patients with prior ablation failure: Impact of advanced techniques.

Heart rhythm·2024

Same author

Dual-sensitivity profilometry with defocused projection of binary fringes.

Applied optics·2017

Same author

A high-resolution frequency variable experimental setup for studying ferrofluids used in magnetic hyperthermia.

The Review of scientific instruments·2017

Same author

Measurement of diffuse ventricular fibrosis with myocardial T1 in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Journal of arrhythmia·2016

Same author

Reconstruction of magnetic source images using the Wiener filter and a multichannel magnetic imaging system.

The Review of scientific instruments·2014

Same author

Robust adaptive phase-shifting demodulation for testing moving wavefronts.

Optics express·2014

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

Published on: December 3, 2013

Path independent demodulation method for single image interferograms with closed fringes within the function space

J C Estrada, M Servín, J A Quiroga

|June 17, 2009

Summary

A new method for demodulating single fringe pattern images (SFPI) with closed fringes is introduced. This path-independent technique allows for arbitrary sequential paths, improving upon existing regularized phase tracker (RPT) and 2D-Hilbert Transform (2D-HT) methods.

More Related Videos

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

Compact Lens-less Digital Holographic Microscope for MEMS Inspection and Characterization

Compact Lens-less Digital Holographic Microscope for MEMS Inspection and Characterization

Published on: July 5, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

Published on: December 3, 2013

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

Compact Lens-less Digital Holographic Microscope for MEMS Inspection and Characterization

Compact Lens-less Digital Holographic Microscope for MEMS Inspection and Characterization

Published on: July 5, 2016

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Image Processing
Metrology

Background:

Demodulating single fringe pattern images (SFPI) with closed fringes is crucial in optical metrology.
Existing methods like regularized phase tracker (RPT) and 2D-Hilbert Transform (2D-HT) are path-dependent, limiting their application.
The success of these methods relies heavily on the chosen demodulation path.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel, path-independent method for demodulating SFPI with closed fringes.
To enable demodulation along arbitrary sequential paths.
To achieve estimations within the C(2) function space, ensuring continuous phase curvature.

Main Methods:

Development of a new frequency estimator that searches within a discrete frequency set.
Utilization of a second-order potential regularizer to enforce C(2) function space estimations.
Implementation of a technique for demodulating SFPI along arbitrary paths.

Main Results:

The proposed method successfully demodulates SFPI with closed fringes along arbitrary paths.
Demonstration of a fast demodulator system for normalized SFPI.
Comparison of results with the RPT technique shows competitive performance.

Conclusions:

The novel technique offers a robust and flexible solution for demodulating SFPI with closed fringes.
It overcomes the path-dependency limitations of previous methods.
The method is validated through simulations and experimental interferogram demodulation.