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Related Concept Videos

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Published on: October 31, 2019

Rewritable optical data storage in azobenzene copolymers.

Denis Gindre, Alex Boeglin, Alain Fort

    Optics Express
    |June 17, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We demonstrate rewritable optical data storage using focused lasers to locally alter polymer film properties. This method encodes information by disrupting molecular orientation, enabling efficient data writing and erasing.

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    Synthesis of Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles for Rewritable Displays and Illumination Applications
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    High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
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    Published on: October 31, 2019

    Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
    07:39

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    Published on: June 8, 2016

    Synthesis of Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles for Rewritable Displays and Illumination Applications
    07:12

    Synthesis of Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles for Rewritable Displays and Illumination Applications

    Published on: September 13, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optics and Photonics
    • Polymer Chemistry

    Background:

    • Optical data storage relies on materials that can change their optical properties upon laser irradiation.
    • Polarized polymer films exhibit nonlinear optical effects like second harmonic generation (SHG), which are sensitive to molecular orientation.
    • Developing rewritable optical storage media with high data density and stability is an ongoing challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the localized depoling of polar chromophores in grafted polymeric materials for optical data encoding.
    • To explore the use of femtosecond near-infrared laser-induced photoisomerization for data storage.
    • To demonstrate the rewritability of the developed optical data storage system.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a femtosecond near-infrared laser to induce localized two-photon absorption in azo-dye-containing polymer films.
    • Promoting photoisomerization of the azo-dye component to cause localized disorientation of polar chromophores.
    • Measuring the resulting changes in second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency to quantify information encoding.

    Main Results:

    • Localized depoling of polar chromophores was achieved through laser-induced photoisomerization.
    • A significant, localized loss in SHG efficiency was observed, correlating with information encoding.
    • The polymer films demonstrated rewritability, allowing for data erasure and rewriting via reheating and repoling.

    Conclusions:

    • Localized chromophore depoling via two-photon absorption offers a viable mechanism for optical data storage.
    • The observed rewritability of the polymer films makes this approach suitable for practical data storage applications.
    • The use of low irradiation powers ensures a sustainable and efficient data storage and retrieval process.