Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2026
08:39
Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
Published on: January 28, 2019
Pupil filter design by using a Bessel functions basis at the image plane.
Vidal F Canales1, Manuel P Cagigal
1Departamento de Física Aplicada. Universidad de Cantabria, Los Castros S/N, 39005. Santander, Spain. fernancv@unican.es
Optics Express
|June 17, 2009
Summary
This study introduces a precise new method for designing pupil filters. The technique precisely controls light intensity distribution for optimal optical system performance.
Area of Science:
- Optics and Photonics
- Optical Engineering
Background:
- Pupil filters are crucial for controlling light intensity in optical systems.
- Existing design methods often rely on approximations of the Point Spread Function (PSF).
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a novel, more precise procedure for designing radially-symmetric pupil filters.
- To overcome limitations of methods based on second-order PSF approximations.
Main Methods:
- Utilizes the exact expression of the PSF, expanded using first-order Bessel functions.
- Develops a design procedure for radially-symmetric pupil filters.
Main Results:
- Achieves higher precision in filter design compared to previous methods.
- Enables direct control over side lobe height.
- Facilitates the design of amplitude-only, phase-only, or hybrid filters.
- Establishes a direct relationship between PSF expansion coefficients and filter parameters.
Conclusions:
- The new procedure offers superior precision and flexibility in pupil filter design.
- It allows for the creation of filters with diverse characteristics and optimal performance.
- This method advances the control of light intensity distribution in optical systems.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Bessel Function of Order Zero
A common physical example of wave propagation with radial symmetry is the ripple formed when a stone is dropped into a still pond. The disturbance originates at a central point and travels outward as a circular wave. As the radius of the wavefront increases, the same initial energy is distributed along a progressively larger circumference. Consequently, the amplitude, or height, of the wave decreases with distance from the center. This decay behavior cannot be captured by simple sine or cosine...
01:16Focusing of Light in the Eye
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
01:17Bandpass Sampling
In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2. The spectrum...
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2. The spectrum...
01:27Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of PI Control
Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers are essential in many control systems to improve stability and performance. They are commonly used in everyday devices like thermostats to enhance system damping and reduce steady-state error. When the zero in the controller's transfer function is optimally placed, the system benefits significantly in terms of stability and accuracy.
Acting as a low-pass filter, the PI controller slows the system's response and extends settling times. This requires careful...
Acting as a low-pass filter, the PI controller slows the system's response and extends settling times. This requires careful...
01:20Anatomy of the Eyeball
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...