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Lead and minor hearing impairment.

J Schwartz1, D Otto

  • 1Office of Policy Analysis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

Archives of Environmental Health
|September 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

This study found that lead exposure in children aged 6-19 is linked to elevated hearing thresholds. Even low blood lead levels showed a significant association with hearing loss across multiple frequencies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Audiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Previous research indicated a link between blood lead levels and hearing impairment.
  • The Hispanic Health and Nutrition Survey (HHANES) provides valuable data on this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the association between blood lead levels and elevated hearing thresholds in Hispanic children and adolescents.
  • To investigate the dose-response relationship between lead exposure and hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 3,545 participants aged 6-19 years in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Survey.
  • Statistical examination of the relationship between blood lead levels and hearing thresholds at 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, and 4,000 Hz.
  • Assessment of hearing thresholds as both a categorical and continuous outcome.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between blood lead levels and elevated hearing thresholds at all tested frequencies.
  • This relationship persisted even at blood lead levels below 10 micrograms/dL.
  • An increase in blood lead from 6 to 18 micrograms/dL correlated with a 2-dB hearing loss across all frequencies, with 15% more children exhibiting impaired hearing at 2,000 Hz.

Conclusions:

  • Blood lead exposure is a risk factor for hearing impairment in children and adolescents.
  • The detrimental effects of lead on hearing occur at low exposure levels, highlighting the need for stricter lead abatement policies.
  • Public health initiatives should focus on reducing lead exposure to protect children's auditory health.

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