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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

A multicenter study on optimizing piperacillin-tazobactam use: lessons on why interventions fail.

Robert P Gaynes1, Carolyn V Gould, Jonathan Edwards

  • 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, GA, USA. rgaynes@cdc.gov

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
|June 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing piperacillin-tazobactam use requires targeting local prescriber attitudes and empiric therapy. Interventions focused on rotating staff were ineffective in improving antibiotic stewardship.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Stewardship
  • Hospital Pharmacy

Background:

  • Piperacillin-tazobactam is a critical broad-spectrum antibiotic.
  • Optimizing its use is essential for combating antimicrobial resistance.
  • Current prescribing practices may not always align with stewardship goals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate interventions aimed at improving piperacillin-tazobactam utilization across four hospital settings.
  • To identify effective strategies for antimicrobial stewardship programs.

Main Methods:

  • Interventions were implemented across four hospitals.
  • Data on piperacillin-tazobactam use were collected and analyzed.
  • Focus on interventions targeting house staff rotation and empiric therapy.

Main Results:

  • Interventions targeting rotating house staff did not significantly alter piperacillin-tazobactam use.
  • Empiric therapy could only be effectively targeted in 35% of cases.
  • Prescribing patterns demonstrated institution-specific characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotic stewardship interventions need to be tailored to local prescriber attitudes and practices.
  • Future interventions should focus on empiric therapy and appropriate culture ordering.
  • Institution-specific approaches are crucial for optimizing antibiotic use.