Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
Published on: October 18, 2019
Clean, reusable and low cost heterogeneous catalyst for amide synthesis
James W Comerford1, James H Clark, Duncan J Macquarrie
1Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, UK.
Researchers created a reusable silica catalyst for efficient amide synthesis from acid and amine. This green chemistry approach avoids toxic by-products, offering a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative.
Area of Science:
- Catalysis
- Green Chemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Amide synthesis is a crucial reaction in organic chemistry.
- Traditional methods often involve harsh conditions and generate toxic by-products.
- There is a need for sustainable and efficient catalytic systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel heterogeneous catalyst for amide synthesis.
- To demonstrate the catalyst's effectiveness and reusability.
- To provide an environmentally benign and cost-effective alternative to existing methods.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of a heterogeneous silica catalyst.
- Catalytic testing of amide formation from various acids and amines.
- Analysis of reaction products and catalyst recovery.
Main Results:
- The developed silica catalyst effectively promotes amide synthesis.
- The reaction proceeds without the formation of toxic by-products.
- The catalyst demonstrates excellent reusability over multiple reaction cycles.
Conclusions:
- A novel, heterogeneous silica catalyst offers an efficient and sustainable route for amide synthesis.
- This catalyst presents a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and reusable option for chemical manufacturing.
- The findings contribute to the advancement of green chemistry principles in organic synthesis.
Related Concept Videos
Preparation of Amides
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones
Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles
Amides can be reduced to primary, secondary, and tertiary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, active metals like Fe,...
Heterogeneous Catalysis
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...

