Torque-based triggering improves stimulus timing precision in activation tests
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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

In Vivo Measurement of Hindlimb Dorsiflexor Isometric Torque from Pig
Published on: September 3, 2021
Chandramouli Krishnan1, Eric J Allen, Glenn N Williams
1Graduate Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Musculoskeletal Biomechanics and Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1190, USA.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to assess whether automated torque-based stimulator triggering could improve precision in delivering stimuli near peak torque during voluntary activation tests. The quadriceps activation test was used as a test model in 11 volunteers. Automated torque-based triggering reduced stimulus delivery timing errors by 75% when compared with conventional automated time-based triggering. Torque-based stimulator triggering is recommended as an alternative to automated time-based triggering in voluntary activation tests, as it improves stimulus timing precision and thereby reduces measurement error.
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