Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence01:20

Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children: 2017-2023.

Pediatrics·2026
Same author

BinaxNOW <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Antigen Assay in Pleural Fluid for Detection of <i>S pneumoniae</i> in Children With Empyema.

Clinical pediatrics·2026
Same author

Healthcare providers' preferences for pediatric pneumococcal vaccination recommendations in the United States.

Expert review of vaccines·2025
Same author

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease at Eight Children's Hospitals in the United States, 2018-2023.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal·2025
Same author

Disparities in invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumonia, and otitis media among US children by comorbidity profile and insurance status.

Frontiers in public health·2025
Same author

Parapneumonic Empyema Complicating Community-acquired Pneumonia: Etiology in the Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination and Role of Molecular Diagnosis.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae
09:12

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Published on: January 17, 2014

Understanding the link between pneumococcal serotypes and invasive disease.

Carolina Soley1, Adriano Arguedas

  • 1Instituto de Atención Pediátrica, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, P.O. Box 607-1150, San Jose, Costa Rica.

Vaccine
|June 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) effectively prevents Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in children. Ongoing surveillance is crucial for updating vaccines due to evolving pneumococcal serotypes and disease burden in Latin America.

More Related Videos

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
06:06

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae
09:12

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Published on: January 17, 2014

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
06:06

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a significant cause of childhood infections globally.
  • The seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has demonstrated high efficacy against vaccine-type pneumococcal disease.
  • Understanding regional serotype distribution is vital for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and the burden of pneumococcal disease in Latin American children.
  • To assess the impact of existing vaccination strategies and inform future vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized population-based and laboratory-based surveillance data from Latin America.
  • Analyzed epidemiological trends and serotype prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.

Main Results:

  • PCV7 significantly reduced infections caused by its targeted serotypes.
  • Identified specific pneumococcal serotypes contributing to the disease burden in the region.
  • Highlighted the need for enhanced serotype coverage in next-generation vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • Continued surveillance of pneumococcal serotypes post-vaccine introduction is essential.
  • Evolving pneumococcal epidemiology necessitates updated vaccine formulations for broader protection.
  • Public health strategies must adapt to changing serotype landscapes to combat pneumococcal disease effectively.