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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection
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Published on: May 2, 2011

SARS vaccines: where are we?

Rachel L Roper1, Kristina E Rehm

  • 1Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA. roperr@ecu.edu

Expert Review of Vaccines
|June 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Developing effective severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) vaccines remains challenging. While many SARS vaccine candidates show promise, new strategies, possibly including intranasal delivery, are needed for robust human protection.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged in 2002, caused by SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
  • Rapid vaccine development is critical for controlling emerging infectious diseases.
  • Understanding vaccine efficacy and safety is paramount for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current vaccine development strategies against SARS-CoV.
  • To assess immunological and challenge model data for various vaccine types.
  • To discuss correlates of protection, animal models, and potential disease enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recently published scientific literature on SARS-CoV vaccine development.
  • Analysis of immunological assessments and challenge studies in animal models.

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  • Evaluation of safety data, including potential vaccine-enhanced disease.

    • Main Results:

    • Multiple vaccine strategies (inactivated, vectored, protein, DNA, attenuated) are immunogenic and safe in preclinical studies.
    • Despite immunogenicity, vaccinated animals often exhibit significant disease upon SARS-CoV challenge.
    • Intranasal vaccination and combination strategies show potential for improved efficacy.

    Conclusions:

    • Current SARS vaccine candidates demonstrate safety and immunogenicity but limited protective efficacy.
    • Further research into novel vaccine platforms and delivery methods, such as intranasal vaccination, is essential.
    • Combination vaccine strategies may be necessary to achieve adequate protection against SARS-CoV in humans.