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Related Concept Videos

Nerve Supply of the GI Tract01:27

Nerve Supply of the GI Tract

The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of the GI tract...
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...
Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity

The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a program...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

An In-vitro Preparation of Isolated Enteric Neurons and Glia from the Myenteric Plexus of the Adult Mouse
10:34

An In-vitro Preparation of Isolated Enteric Neurons and Glia from the Myenteric Plexus of the Adult Mouse

Published on: August 7, 2013

Development of enteric neuron diversity.

Marlene M Hao1, Heather M Young

  • 1Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|June 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS), focusing on how neural crest cells form diverse neuron subtypes. Understanding ENS development is crucial for addressing pediatric motility disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The mature enteric nervous system (ENS) comprises diverse neuron subtypes and glia originating from neural crest cells.
  • Generating this cellular diversity from neural crest progenitors is a key question in neurogastroenterology.
  • Defects in ENS development are implicated in pediatric motility disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the developmental timing and mechanisms of enteric neuron subtype generation.
  • To examine axon pathfinding processes within the developing ENS.
  • To discuss human ENS development and the causes of pediatric motility disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of developmental appearance and birthdating of enteric neuron subtypes.
  • Analysis of mechanisms driving enteric neuron diversity and axon guidance.
  • Synthesis of human ENS development and pediatric motility disorder etiologies.

Main Results:

  • Detailed timelines for the appearance and differentiation of various enteric neuron subtypes.
  • Insights into molecular and cellular mechanisms governing neuron diversity and axon targeting.
  • Connections between developmental defects and specific pediatric motility disorders.

Conclusions:

  • The development of enteric nervous system diversity is a complex process involving precise timing and guidance mechanisms.
  • Understanding these developmental pathways is essential for diagnosing and treating pediatric motility disorders.
  • Further research into ENS development holds promise for novel therapeutic strategies.