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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers02:30

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers

A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit different...
Chromatographic Methods: Classification01:12

Chromatographic Methods: Classification

Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the mobile phase and the stationary phase contact each other, or through the chemical or physical processes that isolate the components of the sample. Typically, the mobile phase is either a liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid layer applied to a solid surface.
Chromatographic techniques are typically named by...

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Improved Polymerase Chain Reaction-restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Genotyping of Toxic Pufferfish by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
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On-line racemization by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Giuseppe Cannazza1, Marina M Carrozzo, Umberto Battisti

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 4100 Modena, Italy. giuseppe.cannazza@unimore.it

Journal of Chromatography. A
|June 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

A novel HPLC method achieves high enantiomeric enrichment from racemic mixtures. This powerful tool simplifies obtaining pure enantiomers for pharmaceutical compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography
  • Pharmaceutical Science

Background:

  • Chiral compounds often exhibit enantiomer-specific pharmacological activity.
  • Existing methods for obtaining pure enantiomers can be complex and costly.
  • Racemic mixtures require efficient enantioseparation for drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel on-column stopped-flow bidimensional recycling HPLC procedure.
  • To achieve enantiomeric enrichment from racemic mixtures for pharmaceutical compounds.
  • To provide a scalable and automatable method for enantiopurification.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an on-column stopped-flow bidimensional recycling HPLC technique.
  • Application of the method to racemic mixtures of two benzothiadiazine derivatives.
  • Testing the procedure in both reverse-phase and normal-phase modes.

Main Results:

  • Successful enantiomeric enrichment was achieved, yielding approximately 95% pure enantiomer.
  • The method was effective for two chiral benzothiadiazine derivatives of pharmaceutical interest.
  • The procedure demonstrated applicability in both reverse-phase and normal-phase chromatography.

Conclusions:

  • The developed HPLC procedure is a powerful tool for obtaining pure enantiomers from racemic mixtures.
  • This method offers an alternative to complex stereoselective synthesis or expensive enantiopurification.
  • Scalability and automation of this technique enhance its utility in pharmaceutical research and development.