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Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing

Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing

Published on: October 25, 2019

Leptin and leptin receptor expression in asthma.

Andreina Bruno¹, Elisabetta Pace, Pascal Chanez

¹Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy. andreina@neomedia.it

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|June 23, 2009

Summary

Reduced leptin and leptin receptor expression in bronchial epithelium is linked to asthma severity and airway remodeling. This suggests leptin's role in asthma pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Cell Biology
Immunology

Background:

Leptin, an adipokine, may regulate bronchial epithelial homeostasis.
Asthma involves airway remodeling, potentially impacting disease severity.
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) dysregulation is linked to airway remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if bronchial epithelial leptin/leptin receptor pathway dysfunction contributes to asthma pathogenesis and severity.
To explore the role of leptin in airway remodeling processes.

Main Methods:

In vitro analysis of leptin/leptin receptor expression on human bronchial epithelial cells.
Assessing the impact of TGF-beta and fluticasone propionate on leptin receptor expression.
Evaluating leptin's effect on TGF-beta release and cell proliferation.
Ex vivo analysis of leptin/leptin receptor and airway remodeling markers in asthma patients and healthy controls.

Main Results:

Human bronchial epithelial cells express leptin and its receptor in vitro.
TGF-beta downregulated, while fluticasone propionate upregulated leptin receptor expression.
Leptin reduced TGF-beta release and enhanced cell proliferation.
Asthma patients, particularly those with severe disease, exhibited decreased leptin/leptin receptor expression, increased reticular basement membrane thickness, and altered TGF-beta expression compared to healthy controls.

Conclusions:

Diminished leptin/leptin receptor expression is a hallmark of severe asthma.
Reduced leptin signaling is associated with airway remodeling features in asthma.