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Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

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Published on: May 20, 2011

Hydrodynamic glide efficiency in swimming.

Roozbeh Naemi¹, William J Easson, Ross H Sanders

¹Department of Physical Education, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. roozbeh.naemi@education.ed.ac.uk

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

|June 23, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Improving breaststroke glide efficiency, crucial for starts and turns, involves minimizing deceleration. This review examines factors like skin, form, and wave drag, plus added mass, to enhance glide performance.

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Biomechanics
Fluid Dynamics

Background:

The glide phase is integral to breaststroke performance, impacting starts, turns, and overall stroke efficiency.
Optimizing glide velocity requires minimizing deceleration, which is directly linked to glide efficiency.
Understanding factors influencing glide efficiency is key to improving swimming speed and technique.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and synthesize the scientific literature on factors affecting glide efficiency in breaststroke.
To analyze the sources of resistive forces (skin, form, wave drag) and their impact on glide.
To explore the concept of added mass and its role in glide performance, introducing the 'glide factor'.

Main Methods:

Review of existing research on fluid dynamics and biomechanics in swimming.
Analysis of factors influencing skin drag, form drag, and wave drag.
Explanation of the concept of added mass and its interaction with resistive forces.
Description of the 'glide factor' as a composite measure of glide efficiency.
Evaluation of methods for quantifying resistive forces and the 'hydro-kinematic method' for measuring glide efficiency.

Main Results:

Identified key variables affecting glide efficiency: body surface characteristics, swimmer depth, posture, alignment, body size, and shape.
Explained how these variables influence skin drag, form drag, wave drag, and added mass.
Introduced the 'glide factor' as a comprehensive metric for assessing glide efficiency.
Reviewed methods for quantifying resistive forces and the hydro-kinematic method for measuring glide efficiency.

Conclusions:

Glide efficiency is a critical determinant of breaststroke performance, influenced by multiple hydrodynamic factors.
Minimizing deceleration through improved glide efficiency can significantly enhance swimming velocity.
Further research and application of advanced measurement techniques like the hydro-kinematic method are needed to optimize breaststroke starts and turns.