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New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

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Aging and human CD4(+) regulatory T cells.

Kyung-A Hwang¹, Hang-Rae Kim, Insoo Kang

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

|June 23, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Aging does not alter the number or general function of CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Treg). However, elderly individuals show enhanced suppression of IL-10 production by T cells, indicating an age-related shift in immune regulation.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Gerontology
Cellular Biology

Background:

Immune system alterations with aging increase susceptibility to infections, cancer, and inflammation.
CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Treg), identified by CD25 and FOXP3 expression, are crucial for immune homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of aging on the quantity, characteristics, and function of human CD4(+) Treg.
To compare Treg function in young versus elderly individuals.

Main Methods:

Analysis of CD4(+) FOXP3(+) T cell frequency and phenotype in young (<40) and elderly (>65) humans.
Assessment of Treg capacity to suppress inflammatory cytokine production and T cell proliferation in co-culture assays.
Evaluation of IL-10 production suppression and CTLA-4 expression.

Main Results:

Frequency and general suppressive capacity of CD4(+) FOXP3(+) Treg were similar between young and elderly groups.
Elderly individuals exhibited more potent suppression of IL-10 production by CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells when co-cultured with Treg at a 1:1 ratio.
This enhanced suppression was not linked to altered CTLA-4 expression or apoptosis rates in either cell type.

Conclusions:

Aging impacts the ability of CD4(+) FOXP3(+) Treg to regulate IL-10 production from target T cells in humans.
Despite unchanged cellular characteristics, Treg function regarding IL-10 regulation is altered with age.