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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

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Published on: May 14, 2014

Proactive control and episodic binding in context processing effects.

Nelleke C van Wouwe1, Guido P H Band, K Richard Ridderinkhof

  • 1Institute for Psychological Research and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. wouwe@fsw.leidenuniv.nl

Acta Psychologica
|June 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive control and episodic memory both influence decision-making in the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT). These findings highlight the interplay between proactive control and learned associations in task performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Decision Making Research

Background:

  • Decision-making relies on contextual information to interpret events.
  • The AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) models context processing, revealing errors when context and probe stimuli mismatch.
  • Existing theories attribute AX-CPT errors to either goal-driven cognitive control or episodic memory binding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relative contributions of proactive cognitive control and episodic learning to AX-CPT performance.
  • To differentiate between goal-driven preparation and stimulus-response association explanations for task errors.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of context and probe stimuli within the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT).
  • Analysis of performance errors and reaction times to infer underlying cognitive mechanisms.
  • Comparison of empirical results against predictions from cognitive control and episodic binding accounts.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports the role of proactive cognitive control in preparing for context-appropriate information.
  • Findings also indicate that learned stimulus-response associations, stored in episodic memory, influence AX-CPT performance.
  • Performance costs arise from both inefficient cognitive control and the need to override prepotent associations.

Conclusions:

  • Both proactive cognitive control and episodic learning contribute significantly to performance in the AX-CPT.
  • Decision-making processes are shaped by a dynamic interplay between top-down control and bottom-up memory retrieval.
  • Understanding these dual mechanisms provides a more comprehensive model of context processing and error generation.