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Related Concept Videos

Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...

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Isolated Pancreatic Islet Treatment and Apoptosis Measurement
09:36

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Published on: May 2, 2025

Diabetes and apoptosis: liver.

Jörn M Schattenberg1, Marcus Schuchmann

  • 1I. Medizinsiche Klinik, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. schatten@uni-mainz.de

Apoptosis : an International Journal on Programmed Cell Death
|June 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This review explores the link between liver cell death (apoptosis) and insulin resistance, crucial for understanding diabetes and liver disease. It highlights how these processes influence each other, impacting liver health.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • The liver is key in glucose homeostasis, regulating blood sugar levels.
  • Insulin resistance and liver disease are interconnected, worsening each other.
  • Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is vital for liver tissue maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the crosstalk between apoptosis and insulin resistance signaling in the liver.
  • To identify key mediators involved in these interconnected pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on liver apoptosis and insulin resistance signaling.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involving cell surface receptors, ligands, and intracellular kinases.
  • Examination of how hepatocyte apoptosis regulators affect insulin signaling and vice versa.

Main Results:

  • Dysregulation of hepatic glucose release contributes to insulin resistance and diabetes.
  • Liver injury can be exacerbated by insulin resistance, and vice versa.
  • Signaling pathways controlling hepatocyte apoptosis are intertwined with insulin signaling.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between apoptosis and insulin resistance signaling significantly impacts liver health.
  • Understanding this crosstalk is essential for developing therapeutic strategies for liver diseases and diabetes.