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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...

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High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis
07:55

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

Published on: September 22, 2017

Microfabricated saturated absorption laser spectrometer.

Svenja A Knappe1, Hugh G Robinson, Leo Hollberg

  • 1Time and Frequency Division, NIST, Boulder CO 80305, USA. knappe@boulder.nist.gov

Optics Express
|June 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a compact saturated absorption laser spectrometer using a microfabricated rubidium vapor cell. This miniature device achieves high-quality spectra comparable to larger systems, enabling portable optical wavelength references.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic spectroscopy
  • Microfabrication
  • Laser systems

Background:

  • Miniaturization of scientific instruments is crucial for portable applications.
  • Saturated absorption spectroscopy requires a stable vapor cell and laser source.
  • Existing setups are often bulky and not suitable for field use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a miniature microfabricated saturated absorption laser spectrometer.
  • To assess its performance against traditional table-top systems.
  • To explore its potential as a portable optical wavelength reference.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of miniature optics, a microfabricated Rb vapor cell, heaters, and a photodetector into a 0.1 cm³ volume.
  • Measurement of saturated absorption spectra using a 795 nm diode laser.
  • Comparison of spectral signal quality with standard laboratory equipment.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of a highly miniaturized spectrometer.
  • Achieved saturated absorption spectra comparable to conventional table-top setups.
  • Rubidium vapor cell with an internal volume of only 1 mm³ yielded significant signals.

Conclusions:

  • The developed system offers a compact and effective solution for saturated absorption spectroscopy.
  • Its performance suggests viability as a miniature optical wavelength reference.
  • The design is compatible with the development of transportable spectroscopic instruments.