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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
08:23

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings

Published on: September 30, 2019

Gigahertz optical spin transceiver.

Patrick Irvin, Petru S Fodor, Jeremy Levy

    Optics Express
    |June 24, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a new optical technique for measuring electron spin dynamics at GHz speeds. This method offers superior signal quality over traditional pump-probe methods, applicable to various physical systems.

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    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

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    Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

    A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
    08:23

    A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings

    Published on: September 30, 2019

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Condensed Matter Physics
    • Quantum Information Science

    Background:

    • Electron spin dynamics are crucial for spintronics and quantum computing.
    • Traditional optical sampling techniques face limitations in signal-to-noise ratio and spectral selectivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel time-resolved optical technique for measuring electron spin dynamics.
    • To achieve GHz dynamical bandwidth, transform-limited spectral selectivity, and phase-sensitive detection.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a continuous-wave (CW) laser and a fast optical bridge.
    • Employed phase-sensitive (lock-in) detection for enhanced signal-to-noise.
    • Demonstrated the technique via GHz-spin precession measurement in n-type Gallium Arsenide (n-GaAs).

    Main Results:

    • Achieved significantly improved signal-to-noise characteristics compared to traditional pump-probe methods.
    • Successfully measured GHz-spin precession in n-GaAs with high fidelity.
    • Demonstrated the technique's capability for precise electron spin dynamics analysis.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented time-resolved optical technique offers a powerful new tool for studying electron spin dynamics.
    • This method overcomes limitations of existing techniques, enabling measurements in challenging systems.
    • Potential applications extend to various physical systems requiring high-resolution, phase-sensitive spin dynamics analysis.