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Wildlife cancer: a conservation perspective.

Denise McAloose¹, Alisa L Newton

¹Pathology and Disease Investigation, Global Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, New York 10460, USA. dmcaloose@wcs.org

Nature Reviews. Cancer

|June 25, 2009

Summary

Wildlife cancer, including Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease, is a growing conservation concern. Anthropogenic factors contribute to neoplasia in species like beluga whales, highlighting their role as environmental sentinels.

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Area of Science:

Wildlife oncology
Conservation biology
Environmental toxicology

Background:

Cancer in wildlife was historically overlooked as a conservation issue.
Emerging diseases like Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease demonstrate high prevalence and impact.
Neoplasia in wildlife is increasingly linked to anthropogenic environmental disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the significance of neoplasia as a conservation concern in wildlife.
To underscore the role of anthropogenic activities in wildlife cancer development.
To establish wildlife as sentinels for environmental health.

Main Methods:

Review of identified wildlife neoplasia cases.
Correlation analysis between environmental disturbances and cancer prevalence.
Case studies of affected species (e.g., Tasmanian devils, sea turtles, sea lions, beluga whales, fish).

Main Results:

Neoplasia is prevalent and impactful in several wildlife species.
Anthropogenic activities are confirmed contributors to wildlife cancer.
Affected species serve as indicators of ecosystem health and environmental stress.

Conclusions:

Wildlife neoplasia requires attention within conservation strategies.
Environmental monitoring through wildlife health is crucial.
Understanding human impact on wildlife cancer is vital for ecosystem management.