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Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light
07:56

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Published on: September 20, 2017

Invariant resolution dynamic focus OCM based on liquid crystal lens.

S Murali, K S Lee, J P Rolland

    Optics Express
    |June 25, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents a novel hand-held optical coherence microscopy probe that overcomes resolution limitations for deep tissue imaging. It achieves 3 µm resolution throughout an 8 mm³ volume without moving parts, enabling better diagnostic capabilities.

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    Published on: October 31, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Optics
    • Microscopy Technology
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) faces limitations in lateral resolution over large imaging volumes, hindering diagnostic applications.
    • Achieving consistent resolution at multiple depths within scattering biological tissues remains a challenge for current OCM systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and present an optical system design for a hand-held probe capable of dynamic focusing without moving parts.
    • To achieve high resolution (3 µm) throughout a significant imaging volume (8 mm³) within biological tissues for improved diagnostic potential.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed a hand-held OCM probe incorporating an addressable liquid crystal lens for dynamic focusing up to 2 mm deep.
    • Optimized optics for a Ti:Sa pulsed broadband laser (100nm bandwidth, 800nm center wavelength).
    • Addressed and compensated for on-axis and off-axis optical aberrations within the 2 mm x 2 mm skin imaging volume.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated invariant 2.5 µm axial and 6.5 µm lateral resolution in a scattering sample through multi-depth refocusing.
    • The developed probe achieved 3 µm resolution throughout an 8 mm³ imaging volume in skin-equivalent tissue.
    • Characterized optical performance using Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) contrast and distortion plots at various depths.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel hand-held OCM probe with dynamic focusing overcomes previous resolution limitations in imaging depth and volume.
    • This technology offers enhanced capabilities for in-situ diagnostics in biological tissues, particularly skin.
    • The system's ability to maintain high resolution and compensate for aberrations is crucial for future clinical applications.