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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications
08:21

Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications

Published on: May 11, 2014

Spectrally balanced detection for optical frequency domain imaging.

Yueli Chen, Daniel M de Bruin, Charles Kerbage

    Optics Express
    |June 25, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Balanced detection in optical imaging suppresses noise but has limitations. Spectrally corrected balanced detection improves relative intensity noise suppression by 11dB, enhancing optical frequency domain imaging performance.

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    Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications
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    Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
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    Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

    Published on: July 25, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Optical imaging and metrology
    • Photonics and optical engineering
    • Signal processing for optical systems

    Background:

    • Balanced detection is crucial for suppressing relative intensity noise (RIN) in optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) and swept-source optical coherence tomography.
    • Standard balanced detection using a 50/50 coupler suffers from wavelength-dependent splitting ratios, leading to suboptimal RIN cancellation at the edges of the wavelength sweep.
    • Deviations of up to +/-12% in splitting ratio at the sweep margins can occur, impacting imaging quality.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address the limitations of regular balanced detection in OFDI systems.
    • To develop and demonstrate a spectrally corrected balanced detection method for improved RIN suppression.
    • To enhance the performance and accuracy of swept-source optical coherence tomography.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a spectrally corrected balanced detection technique.
    • Utilizing a 50/50 coupler and balanced receiver with spectral correction.
    • Characterization of RIN suppression across the wavelength sweep range.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a RIN suppression of 33dB using spectrally corrected balanced detection.
    • Demonstrated 11dB superior RIN suppression compared to regular balanced detection.
    • Quantified the impact of wavelength-dependent splitting ratios on RIN cancellation.

    Conclusions:

    • Spectrally corrected balanced detection significantly improves RIN suppression in OFDI.
    • This technique overcomes the limitations of conventional balanced detection, especially at the wavelength sweep margins.
    • Enhanced RIN suppression leads to higher quality and more reliable optical coherence tomography imaging.