Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...

Antiprotozoal Agents

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...

Drug Elimination: The Concept of Clearance

Drug Elimination: The Concept of Clearance

Drug elimination refers to removing drugs from the body, either through urine by the kidneys or through bile by the liver. Drug clearance is a pharmacokinetic parameter that measures the efficiency of drug removal from the bloodstream within a specific time frame. It is calculated as the rate at which a drug is eliminated from plasma divided by the plasma concentration of the drug.
Drug clearance is not limited to renal excretion but encompasses all organs involved in drug elimination,...

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Canadian Rheumatology Association/Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Living Treatment Recommendations for the Management of Axial Spondyloarthritis: Update #1.

The Journal of rheumatology·2026

Same author

Cold Atmospheric Plasma Selectively Targets Neuroblastoma: Mechanistic Insights and In Vivo Validation.

Cancers·2025

Same author

Delivering psychological and social support to children with cancer in India and their families: a position statement from the social and psychological taskforce of the Indian childhood cancer initiative.

Ecancermedicalscience·2025

Same author

Canadian Rheumatology Association/Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Living Treatment Recommendations for the Management of Axial Spondyloarthritis.

The Journal of rheumatology·2024

Same author

A 2-yr Randomized Controlled Trial on Creatine Supplementation during Exercise for Postmenopausal Bone Health.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2023

Same author

Early Detection of First Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment in Women With High Hypermobility Scores.

Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Point-of-Care Method with Integrated Decision Support Tool to Estimate Anemia at Population Level

A Point-of-Care Method with Integrated Decision Support Tool to Estimate Anemia at Population Level

Published on: January 19, 2024

Kala-azar elimination programme in India.

G P S Dhillon¹, S N Sharma, Bindu Nair

¹National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association

|June 26, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Kala-azar, a visceral leishmaniasis, remains endemic in India, particularly in Bihar and West Bengal. An integrated elimination strategy involves case management, vector control, and inter-sectoral collaboration for disease eradication.

More Related Videos

Zebrafish Larvae as a Model to Evaluate Potential Radiosensitizers or Protectors

Zebrafish Larvae as a Model to Evaluate Potential Radiosensitizers or Protectors

Published on: August 25, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Point-of-Care Method with Integrated Decision Support Tool to Estimate Anemia at Population Level

A Point-of-Care Method with Integrated Decision Support Tool to Estimate Anemia at Population Level

Published on: January 19, 2024

Zebrafish Larvae as a Model to Evaluate Potential Radiosensitizers or Protectors

Zebrafish Larvae as a Model to Evaluate Potential Radiosensitizers or Protectors

Published on: August 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Tropical medicine
Epidemiology
Vector-borne diseases

Background:

Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) has a long history of endemicity in India.
The sandfly vector, Phlebotomus argentipes, resurged in the 1970s, spreading across Bihar and West Bengal.
Currently, kala-azar is endemic in 31 districts of Bihar, 4 of Jharkhand, and 11 of West Bengal, with sporadic cases in Uttar Pradesh.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the current status and endemicity of kala-azar in India.
To detail the comprehensive elimination strategy required for kala-azar control.
To emphasize the importance of integrated approaches for disease eradication.

Main Methods:

Enhanced central support for states since December 2003 has improved case registration.
The elimination strategy encompasses case detection and treatment.
Interruption of transmission via vector control is a key component.

Main Results:

Improved case registration following enhanced central support.
Kala-azar remains a significant public health challenge in specific Indian states.
The multi-faceted elimination strategy is crucial for progress.

Conclusions:

Effective kala-azar elimination requires a sustained, integrated approach.
Vector control, robust case management, and public awareness are vital.
Inter-country coordination and governmental support are essential for eradicating kala-azar.