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Related Concept Videos

Stability of Conjugated Dienes01:28

Stability of Conjugated Dienes

Introduction
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:25

Aromatic Compounds: Overview

In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
In 1825, Faraday isolated benzene...
Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model01:07

Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model

In 1865, August Kekule suggested the structure of benzene according to the structural theory of organic chemistry based on the three assertions—formula of benzene is C6H6, all the hydrogens of benzene are equivalent, and each carbon must have four bonds due to its tetravalency.
He proposed that benzene has a cyclic structure of six carbon atoms attached to one hydrogen atom each, with three alternating pi bonds.
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic factors, steric factors also account...

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Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
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Natural stilbenes: an overview.

Tao Shen1, Xiao-Ning Wang, Hong-Xiang Lou

  • 1Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China.

Natural Product Reports
|June 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural stilbenes, compounds with complex structures and varied biological effects, were extensively studied. Over 400 new stilbenes were identified between 1995 and 2008, highlighting their structural diversity and bioactivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Natural stilbenes are a significant class of compounds known for their complex structures.
  • These molecules exhibit a wide range of biological activities, making them subjects of intense research.
  • Despite a simple 1,2-diphenylethylene backbone, stilbenes display remarkable structural diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural diversity of naturally occurring stilbenes.
  • To document the distribution of these compounds in nature.
  • To summarize the known biological activities of newly identified stilbenes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications from January 1995 to December 2008.
  • Isolation and identification of naturally occurring stilbenes.
  • Analysis of structural features, distribution patterns, and reported bioactivities.

Main Results:

  • Over 400 new naturally occurring stilbenes were isolated and identified during the review period.
  • Significant diversity was observed in the units present, degree of polymerization, and oligomer construction patterns.
  • The review consolidates information on the distribution and bioactivity of these newly discovered stilbenes.

Conclusions:

  • Natural stilbenes represent a vast and structurally diverse class of natural products.
  • Ongoing research continues to uncover novel stilbenes with potential biological applications.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of stilbene diversity and bioactivity up to 2008.