Binding of human growth hormone (GH)-variant (placental GH) to GH-binding proteins in human plasma

Human GH-variant (hGH-V) is a natural GH analog arising from the hGH-V gene. It is expressed in the placenta and secreted into the maternal circulation during the second half of pregnancy. To gain information about its bioactivity in man, we examined the interaction of hGH-V with the high affinity GH-binding protein/receptor (GH-BP) in human plasma. hGH-V was equipotent with pituitary hGH (hGH-N) as a ligand for the GH-BP. hGH-N/hGH-V chimeric proteins, where the sequences encoded by exon 3 (amino acid residues 32-71, thought to be exposed on the molecule's surface and involved in receptor binding) were exchanged, also bound with similarly high affinities. A corresponding hGH-N/rat PRL chimeric protein had 25-fold reduced affinity for the GH-BP. We conclude that hGH-V is a potent somatogen in man, and that some of the manifestations of late pregnancy, such as increased insulin-like growth factor-I levels and coarsening of features, are probably related to the high circulating levels of hGH-V. GH-BP measurements in pregnancy must take into account BP saturation by endogenous hGH-V.