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Related Concept Videos

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis
08:51

Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis

Published on: December 5, 2020

Cerebellum and nonmotor function.

Peter L Strick1, Richard P Dum, Julie A Fiez

  • 1Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. strickp@pitt.edu

Annual Review of Neuroscience
|June 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The cerebellum influences nonmotor behaviors by connecting to prefrontal and parietal cortex areas. Cerebro-cerebellar circuits control movement and cognition, impacting attention, emotion, and learning.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Recent anatomical studies reveal cerebellar output targets nonmotor cortical areas.
  • Distinct cerebellar nuclei output channels project to specific cortical regions.
  • Cerebro-cerebellar interactions form closed-loop circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cerebellum's influence on nonmotor behavior.
  • To elucidate the anatomical basis of cerebro-cerebellar interactions.
  • To provide a framework for understanding the cerebellum's role in diverse behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical tracing studies.
  • Neuroimaging techniques.
  • Neuropsychological assessments.

Main Results:

  • Cerebellar output targets prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex.
  • Distinct output channels from cerebellar nuclei connect to specific cortical areas.
  • Cerebellar activation is observed across a wide range of nonmotor tasks, including attention, executive control, language, memory, learning, pain, emotion, and addiction.

Conclusions:

  • The cerebellum possesses the anatomical substrate to influence both motor control and cognition.
  • Cerebro-cerebellar closed-loop circuits are fundamental units of interaction.
  • Emerging evidence supports a significant role for the cerebellum in diverse nonmotor behaviors.