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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Surface Functionalization of Hepatitis E Virus Nanoparticles Using Chemical Conjugation Methods
09:12

Surface Functionalization of Hepatitis E Virus Nanoparticles Using Chemical Conjugation Methods

Published on: May 11, 2018

A heat-stable hepatitis B vaccine formulation.

Jan Jezek1, Dexiang Chen, Lynne Watson

  • 1Arecor Limited, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK. jan.jezek@arecor.com

Human Vaccines
|June 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a heat-stable hepatitis B vaccine formulation using histidine and phosphate buffers. The improved vaccine maintains potency at higher temperatures, potentially expanding access in areas lacking reliable cold chains.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Biopharmaceutical Formulation
  • Adjuvant Technology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B vaccine stability is critical for global immunization programs.
  • Current vaccine formulations often require strict cold chain management, limiting accessibility in resource-limited settings.
  • Improving thermal stability can enhance vaccine efficacy and distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel recombinant hepatitis B vaccine formulation with enhanced thermal stability.
  • To optimize antigen-adjuvant interactions and the ionic environment for improved vaccine performance.
  • To assess the stability and immunogenicity of the new formulation under various temperature conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an in vitro antigen reactivity assay to quantify vaccine stability.
  • Modified interactions between hepatitis B surface antigen and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant.
  • Optimized the ionic aqueous environment, specifically using histidine and phosphate buffers at pH 5.2.
  • Evaluated vaccine stability at elevated temperatures (55°C, 45°C, 37°C) and assessed immunogenicity in murine models.

Main Results:

  • The optimized formulation (40 mM histidine, 40 mM phosphate, pH 5.2) demonstrated significantly improved stability at elevated temperatures.
  • Achieved 9-week stability at 55°C and at least 6-month stability at 37°C and 45°C.
  • The formulation, using safe excipients, showed sustained antigen reactivity and immunogenicity.

Conclusions:

  • A novel hepatitis B vaccine formulation with remarkable thermal stability has been successfully developed.
  • This formulation has the potential to be stored outside the cold chain for extended periods, simplifying logistics.
  • Improved vaccine stability can enhance immunization coverage and ensure vaccine potency in challenging environments.