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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
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Pediatric melanoma: a review.

Omie Mills1, Jane L Messina

  • 1University of South Florida College of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.

Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center
|June 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric melanoma, though rare, is increasing. This review highlights its unique features, comparing it to adult melanoma, and notes similar, improving survival rates for both groups.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Malignant melanoma is a rare pediatric neoplasm with rising incidence.
  • Understanding pediatric melanoma is crucial due to its increasing occurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define clinical and pathologic features of pediatric melanoma.
  • To compare pediatric and adult melanoma characteristics.
  • To inform diagnosis and treatment strategies for pediatric melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review.
  • Analysis of clinical and pathologic data.
  • Comparison of adult and pediatric melanoma features.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric melanoma presents distinct genetic abnormalities, predisposing conditions, and clinical features.

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  • Stage at diagnosis and prognostic indicators differ between pediatric and adult cases.
  • Sentinel lymph node positivity rates and treatment strategies are discussed.

    • Conclusions:

    • Pediatric and adult melanoma share similar and improving survival rates despite distinct differences.
    • Further research into pathogenesis is needed for early detection and improved outcomes.
    • Continued study will enhance understanding and management of both pediatric and adult melanoma.