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Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules

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Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases
11:53

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

Published on: March 28, 2011

Crystal forms of atorvastatin.

Su-Gyeong An1, Young-Taek Sohn

  • 1College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Korea.

Archives of Pharmacal Research
|June 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a new, stable crystal form of atorvastatin. This new form, isolated through recrystallization, showed no transformation after two years, indicating good physical stability for pharmaceutical applications.

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical sciences
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Atorvastatin is a widely prescribed statin drug.
  • Understanding its solid-state properties, including polymorphism, is crucial for drug formulation and efficacy.
  • Polymorphs can significantly impact a drug's bioavailability and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel polymorphs and pseudopolymorphs of atorvastatin.
  • To characterize different crystalline forms of atorvastatin.
  • To assess the stability and transformation of identified crystal forms.

Main Methods:

  • Recrystallization was employed to isolate distinct crystal forms.
  • Powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) was used for structural characterization.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) were utilized to assess thermal properties and stability.
  • Main Results:

    • Three distinct crystal forms of atorvastatin were successfully isolated.
    • PXRD and DSC analyses confirmed significant differences between the crystal forms.
    • A novel crystal form, designated Form 3, was identified.
    • Form 3 exhibited excellent physical stability, showing no transformation after two years of storage at room temperature.

    Conclusions:

    • A new, physically stable polymorph of atorvastatin (Form 3) has been identified.
    • This discovery contributes to the understanding of atorvastatin's solid-state landscape.
    • The inherent stability of Form 3 suggests potential advantages for pharmaceutical formulation and long-term storage.