Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Aqueous extract of Sedum sarmentosum (SS-Ex) promotes bone formation and linear bone growth in a calcium/vitamin D-deficient mouse model.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·2025

Same author

Novel carbazole attenuates vascular remodeling through STAT3/CIAPIN1 signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B·2025

Same author

Gα<sub>i</sub> -coupled GPR41 activation increases Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx in C2C12 cells and shows a therapeutic effect in diabetic animals.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)·2023

Same author

A novel IRAK4/PIM1 inhibitor ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis and lymphoid malignancy by blocking the TLR/MYD88-mediated NF-<i>κ</i>B pathway.

Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B·2023

Same author

The anti-obesity effect of mulberry leaf (Mori Folium) extracts was increased by bioconversion with Pectinex.

Scientific reports·2022

Same author

6'-Sialylactose abolished lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and hyper-permeability in endothelial cells.

Archives of pharmacal research·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Published on: September 17, 2015

Synergistic decrease in blood pressure by captopril combined with losartan in spontaneous hypertensive rats.

Chang-Yong Shin¹, Woon-Seok Choi, Inseon Yi

¹College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.

Archives of Pharmacal Research

|June 27, 2009

Summary

Low-dose combination therapy of captopril and losartan demonstrated superior anti-hypertensive effects compared to high-dose monotherapy in rats. This combination offers a more effective approach to managing high blood pressure.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Published on: September 17, 2015

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Cardiovascular Research
Hypertension Treatment

Background:

Hypertension is a prevalent global health concern requiring effective therapeutic strategies.
Monotherapies for hypertension, while effective, may have limitations in achieving optimal blood pressure control.
Combination therapy is increasingly explored to enhance efficacy and potentially reduce side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the anti-hypertensive efficacy of combined captopril and losartan therapy.
To compare the effects of low-dose combination therapy versus high-dose monotherapy.
To evaluate these effects using both independent and cross-over experimental designs.

Main Methods:

Utilized spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) in both independent and cross-over study designs.
Administered captopril (20 mg/kg/day), losartan (20 mg/kg/day), or a combination (10 mg/kg/day each) orally.
Monitored blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in conscious, telemetered rats over various treatment durations (1-3 days, 1-2 weeks).

Main Results:

Low-dose captopril and losartan combination therapy significantly reduced blood pressure more effectively than high-dose monotherapy.
Both independent and cross-over protocols confirmed the superior anti-hypertensive effect of the combination therapy.
The greatest reduction in BP was observed 11-12 hours post-administration with the combined low-dose treatment.

Conclusions:

Combination therapy with low-dose captopril and losartan provides a more potent anti-hypertensive effect than high-dose monotherapy.
This combination strategy holds promise for improved hypertension management.
Further clinical studies are warranted to confirm these findings in human subjects.