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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Surgical Size Reduction of Zebrafish for the Study of Embryonic Pattern Scaling
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Surface modification and size dependence in particle translocation during early embryonic development.

Furong Tian1, Daniel Razansky, Giovani Gomez Estrada

  • 1Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.

Inhalation Toxicology
|June 30, 2009
PubMed
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Particle size and surface modification influence nanoparticle translocation into early mouse embryos. Amine-modified 200-nm particles showed stronger translocation than smaller carboxyl particles, with observed growth inhibition.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Nanotoxicology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Air pollutant exposure is linked to adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth and cardiac defects.
  • Early embryonic development, particularly gastrulation at 7.5 days of gestation, is a critical window for developmental toxicity.
  • Understanding particle behavior during early embryogenesis is crucial for assessing environmental risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of particle size and surface modification in nanoparticle translocation into early mouse embryos.
  • To determine how different types of polystyrene particles cross embryonic barriers.
  • To assess the impact of nanoparticle presence on embryonic development.

Main Methods:

  • Fluorescent polystyrene particles (PS) of varying sizes and surface modifications (amine, carboxyl) were used.

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Isolating Single Cells from Xenopus Early Embryos and Sorting Them by Size
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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Surgical Size Reduction of Zebrafish for the Study of Embryonic Pattern Scaling
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Published on: May 3, 2019

Isolating Single Cells from Xenopus Early Embryos and Sorting Them by Size
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  • Particles were injected into the extraembryonic tissue of mouse embryos at 7.5 days of gestation.
  • Embryos were incubated for 12 hours and analyzed using fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, and mesoscopic fluorescence tomography.

    • Main Results:

    • 20-nm carboxyl PS particles distributed across embryonic and extraembryonic germ layers.
    • Larger PS particles (>100 nm) predominantly accumulated in extraembryonic tissue.
    • 200-nm amine-modified particles translocated into embryos, unlike smaller carboxyl particles.
    • Embryos containing nanoparticles exhibited growth inhibition.
    • Amine-modified 200-nm PS beads showed a stronger translocation effect than smaller carboxylated PS beads.

    Conclusions:

    • Particle size and surface chemistry significantly impact nanoparticle translocation into developing mouse embryos.
    • Amine-modified nanoparticles demonstrate a greater capacity for embryonic entry compared to carboxyl-modified particles of similar or smaller sizes.
    • Nanoparticle translocation during critical developmental windows may lead to adverse effects such as growth inhibition, highlighting potential developmental risks.